Yeyiphi imigangatho yeSingxobo soKwandiswa kwaManzi-Absorbent ngexesha lokwakha

        Isingxobo soKwandiswa esifunxa amanzi sesona sixhobo singundoqo sothintelo lwezandyondyo olungxamisekileyo lwangoku, ukuvaleka kwamanzi egaraji, ukungena ngaphantsi komhlaba kunye nothintelo lokuphuma kwezikhukhula, kunye nokutywinwa kwemibhobho. Ngeenzuzo zokungabi nasidingo sokulayisha isanti, ukwanda ngokukhawuleza emanzini, kunye nokukhaphukhaphu kunye nokulula ukuthwala, zithatha indawo ngokupheleleyo iingxowa zesanti zesanti. Kodwa uninzi lweengxaki zothintelo lwezikhukhula kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi, ukuwa, kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuthintela amanzi akuyiyo imiba yomgangatho wemveliso, kodwa kunokuba ibangelwa ukwakhiwa okungekho semgangathweni kunye nokupakishwa kwe-Water-Absorbent Expansion Bag. Iindlela zokupakisha ezingalunganga zingakhokelela kwiingozi ezifihliweyo ezifana nezikhewu ze-interlayer, i-slippage yodonga, i-seapage yamanzi ephantsi, kunye nokuchithwa ngokubanzi, ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhusela izikhukhula. Eli nqaku lidibanisa imigangatho yolwakhiwo olusemthethweni lothintelo lwezandyondyo ukuze linike inkcazo eneenkcukacha yomgangatho wokupakishwa komgangatho wokwakha, inkqubo yokupakisha ngokwemaleko, iimfuno zesakhiwo sethambeka, iindlela zokuqinisa ezichasene nokusetyenzwa, kunye nemithetho yolwakhiwo yeengxowa zokwandisa ezifunxa amanzi. Inceda abasebenzi bokwakha ngokukhawuleza ukwakha okuzinzileyo, ukuthintela ukuvuza kokuvuza kunye neendonga zokugcina amanzi.

I-1, umgangatho wokwenziwa ongundoqo wokwakhiwa kwengxowa yokwandisa i-Water-Absorbent

        I-Bag-Absorbent Expansion Bag ihluke kwi-sandbag yendabuko yokuzalisa isanti. Ixhomekeke kwi-polymer ephezulu efunxa i-resin yamanzi ukuze yandise kwaye ihlangane xa idibene namanzi, yenza umaleko ongenamanzi. Ulwakhiwo lokupakisha kufuneka lulandele imigaqo emine engundoqo yokupakishwa okushiyanayo, ukuxinana okucwangcisiweyo, umphezulu omxinwa kunye nosezantsi obanzi, kunye nokufakwa okuqinileyo kunye nokutywinwa. Kwangaxeshanye, ihambelana nemigangatho yolwakhiwo lweeprojekthi zolawulo lweendawo zokuhlala kunye nezongxamiseko zolawulo lwezandyondyo, kwaye ifanelekile kulwakhiwo lwendawo egcweleyo efana neigaraji ezingaphantsi komhlaba, amagumbi angaphantsi komhlaba, iindawo zokungena kwimizi-mveliso, iindawo ezivalekileyo zemilambo, kunye nokutywinwa kwemibhobho yokuntywila.

Umgangatho weshishini lokupakishwa okuqinileyo:

        • Ubume bokupakisha: Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukupakisha ngokuthe nkqo okanye ngemithungo. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe izitena ezibomvu ezingqushanayo, kwaye izikhewu phakathi komgangatho ophezulu nasezantsi kufuneka zigxadazwe ngokupheleleyo ukunqanda imijelo yokungena ngokuthe ngqo.

        • Ulawulo lobude: Kucetyiswa ukuba ubude bodonga oluqhelekileyo lokugcina amanzi bungagqithi kwi-3/4 yobude bomngxuma/umngxuma wokungena/wokuphuma, kwaye indawo yesithinteli sokhuseleko kufuneka igcinwe ukunqanda ukuphuphuma kwamanzi eluphahleni.

        Umgangatho wokuthambeka: Xa umphakamo wokupakisha ungaphezulu kwe-50cm, i-slope ye-45 ° kufuneka yakhiwe ukuzinzisa umzimba wedama. Isakhiwo sephiramidi esinomphantsi obanzi kunye nomphezulu omxinwa kufuneka sisetyenziswe, kwaye ububanzi besiseko kufuneka buphindwe kathathu ubude bodonga ukunyusa ukuxhathisa kwayo kwimpembelelo yamanzi.

        • Iimfuno zokuncamathela: Umaleko ngamnye opakishiweyo kufuneka unyathelwe ngesandla kwaye udityaniswe ukubeka umgangatho ophezulu wengxowa, ukuphelisa izikhewu ezingaphakathi, kwaye uthintele ukutyibilika kunye nokuvuza.

        • Ukutywinwa komphetho: Akukho zikhewu ekuqaleni nasekupheleni, eludongeni, okanye phantsi, umzimba webhegi ugqunywe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye nesitywina esisongwayo sifakwe ngokuqinileyo.

2, Amanyathelo okwakha enqwanqwayo asemgangathweniIbhegi yoKwandiswa kwe-Anzi-Absorbent

        Inkqubo yokwakha esemgangathweni ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ugcino lwamanzi olusebenzayo. Ukususela kunyango olusezantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwengxowa ukuya kwi-stacking elayishiwe, ukuqiniswa kunye nokugqiba, inyathelo ngalinye linemigangatho ecacileyo yokwakha. Inkqubo ethile ebonakalayo yile ilandelayo:

1. Unyango lwangaphambili lwesiseko sokwakha

        Ngaphambi kokupakisha ukwakhiwa, kuyimfuneko ukucoca igrabile, intlenga, amanzi aqokelelweyo, kunye nobutyobo phantsi kwendawo yokwakha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umhlaba usicaba, womile, uqinile, kwaye ungenayo i-protrusions. Ukuba umhlaba awulingani, kuyimfuneko ukuwubeka nje umgangatho ukuze ugweme ukuba isikhwama sinqunyanyiswe kwaye sigxininise ngokungalingani, oku kunokubangela ukukhupha kwamanzi kwizithuba. Ngexesha elifanayo, hlambulula uthuli kunye namabala kwiindawo zoqhagamshelwano zeendonga kunye neentsika zokuqinisekisa ukulingana okuqinileyo phakathi kwesikhwama sokwandisa kunye nodonga, kwaye uphelise ingozi efihlakeleyo yokuvuza kwamanzi emacaleni.

2. Unyango lwangaphambili lwe-Ibhegi yoKwandiswa kwe-Anzi-Absorbent

        Gxininisa ngokupheleleyo i-Bag eyomileyo yoKwandiswa kwamanzi e-Absorbent emanzini acocekileyo okanye amanzi emvula endalo, kwaye inokukhawuleza ukufunxa amanzi kwaye yandise kwindawo yokushisa kwe-3-5 imizuzu ukufezekisa imeko epheleleyo kunye nexineneyo. Ibhegi yokwandisa esebenzayo inobunzima obufanayo, ukuzaliswa kwe-colloidal, kunye nokubunjwa okulungileyo kunye nemiphumo yokutywinwa. Akuvumelekanga ukupakisha ngokuthe ngqo iingxowa ezomileyo nezihluthiweyo ezinganwenwanga ngokupheleleyo, kungenjalo kunokubakho iingxaki ezinjengokwandiswa okunganelanga, izikhewu ezinkulu ze-interlayer, kunye nokuvuza okunzulu kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Kwangaxeshanye, kunqande ukuntywila ngokugqithisileyo ukunqanda imvula ye-colloidal kunye nokuncipha kwamandla omzimba webhegi.

3. Ukupakishwa kwesiseko esisezantsi (umaleko ochasene nephepha eliphambili)

        Uluhlu olusezantsi lungundoqo walo lonke udonga olugcina amanzi kwi-stable anti-seepage, kwaye iimfuno zokwakha ziphezulu. Isiphelo seSingxobo soKwandiswa saManzi esivunyiweyo kufuneka sibambelele ngokuqinileyo kwaye sibekwe ngokungenamthungo, kwaye umzimba wengxowa kufuneka usongwe kwaye ucinezelwe emazantsi ukunqanda ukujika nokuvuza. Ukulungelelanisa kwaye ulungelelanise umqolo wonke weengxowa, ucinezele ngokuqinileyo omnye nomnye, ngaphandle kokukhululeka okanye izithuba. Ububanzi bomaleko ongezantsi kufuneka bube bukhulu kunobo bomaleko ongaphezulu, kunye nesibonelelo esigciniweyo sethambeka, kwaye isiseko esomeleleyo esimile okwephiramidi kufuneka sakhiwe ukuthintela ukutyibilika kodonga kunye nokubhukuqa ukusuka engcanjini.

4. Umaleko ophakathi wagxadazela ukupakisha nokuxinana

        Umaleko wesibini nangaphezulu ulandela ngokungqongqo umgaqo wokupakisha ezingqushanayo, kunye nezikhewu zokwandiswa kweengxowa ezimbini zokwandiswa ezihambelana nomaleko ongezantsi obekwe embindini, ugubungele ngokupheleleyo izithuba ze-interlayer kunye nokuthintela imijelo yokuvuza ngokuthe ngqo kwamanzi. Emva kokuba uluhlu ngalunye lwe-stacking lugqityiwe, kufuneka lunyathelwe ngesandla kwaye ludityaniswe kuyo yonke inkqubo yokulinganisa umphezulu wesikhwama kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iileyile zihlanganiswe ngokuqinileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ubuninzi kunye nokuzinza. Ukutsiba, ukulungelelaniswa kwesithuba, kunye ne-single-layer ultra-high stacking akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo.

5. Ukuqiniswa kwe-slope kunye nokunyuka okuphezulu

        Xa umphakamo wokupakisha ufikelela ngaphezu kwe-50cm, ukucaciswa kolwakhiwo lokuhlelwa kufuneka kuphunyezwe, kunye nesakhiwo sephiramidi sokuqokelela amanqaku umaleko ngokomaleko kuya kwamkelwa. Icala lamanzi eludongeni liya kugcina i-slope ezinzileyo ye-45 °, kwaye ububanzi besiseko buya kusekwa ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana namaxesha ama-3 obude bodonga. Ukunyuka okuphezulu ukupakisha akuvumelekanga ukusuka kwi-stacking ethe nkqo kunye nethe tye. Iindonga ezithe nkqo zinoxhathiso olulambathayo kwimpembelelo yokuhamba kwamanzi, kwaye ukuqukuqela kwamanzi eziphithiphithi ngexesha lezandyondyo kunokukhokelela ngokulula ekuweni kodonga lulonke kunye nokusilela kokungena kwamanzi.

6. Ukuvalwa kokutywinwa okuphezulu kunye necala

        Emva kokuba udonga lugqityiwe, umzimba wesikhwama esiphezulu kufuneka ugcinwe uphelele kwaye ugcwele, ngaphandle kokudakumba okanye ukumiswa. Izikhewu phakathi kwamacala amabini odonga kunye nodonga, iikholomu, kunye nomhlaba unokuzaliswa kwaye utywinwe kunye neengxowa ezincinci zokwandisa kunye neentambo zokubambelela emanzini ukuze kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo iindawo zokukhupha amanzi kwiikona. Kwangaxeshanye, qinisekisa ukuba udonga lulonke luthe tye kwaye lucwangciswe kakuhle, kunye nokusabalalisa uxinzelelo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokubanzi.

3, Ulwakhiwo oluqokelelweyo olukhethekileyo lweemeko ezahlukeneyo

1. Igaraji engaphantsi komhlaba, indawo yokungena engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokuvalwa kokuphuma kwamanzi

        Ingundoqo yalo mboniso kukuthintela umva kunye nokuphuphuma, kwaye indawo yokubeka i-stacking ikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kwindawo ephezulu yokungena kunye nokuphuma kwi-ramp kunye nangaphakathi komsele wokuhambisa amanzi. Iingqimba ezininzi ze-staggered stacking ziyamkelwa, kwaye ukuphakama kwodonga kulawulwa kwi-3/4 yokuphakama kokuthintela kwamanzi ekungeneni nasekuphumeni. Ukuba umphakamo ungaphezulu kwe-50cm, kufuneka kwakhiwe idama lokuthambeka elingama-45 °. Udonga lonke lunokomelezwa kunye ne-baffle elula yamanzi ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nokulungelelanisa kwindawo yokutshatyalaliswa kwemvula.

2. Imijelo yomlambo, imingxuma yesiseko, kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo ezikufuphi namanzi ukugcina amanzi.

        Kwindawo yokujongana nokuhamba kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo, indlela yokupakisha isiseko sephiramidi ebanzi kufuneka isetyenziswe kuyo yonke inkqubo, kunye nesiseko sandisiwe kwaye sicuthe ngokuthe ngcembe umaleko, ukwandisa indawo ethwele umthwalo eludongeni. Phinda kabini ukudityaniswa komaleko ngamnye ukunyusa ubuninzi bokupakisha. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, izisindo ezongezelelweyo zinokudibaniswa ngasemva kwodonga ukuxhathisa impembelelo eqhubekayo yokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokuthintela udonga lwe-sliding kunye nokuwa.

3. Ukunyuka kwemibhobho, isithuba kunye nokutywinwa kokuvuza

        Ukusabela okungxamisekileyo kukuvuza kwemibhobho, izithuba eludongeni, kunye nemibhobho yesiseko, akukho mfuneko yokupakishwa komgangatho ophezulu, kwaye eyona ndlela iphambili kukubeka iileya ezininzi zamalungu agxadazelekayo kunye nokutywinwa okuxineneyo. Ingxowa yokwandisa ifakwe ngokupheleleyo kwindawo esengozini, ihlanganiswe kwaye itywinwe umaleko ngomgca, ngokugxininisa ukutywinwa kwamanqaku e-gap, ukuthintela umjelo wokukhupha amanzi, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uthintele ingxaki yokunyuka kombhobho kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi.

4, Taboos kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo ekufumbeni ulwakhiwo lwe-Ibhegi yoKwandiswa kwe-Anzi-Absorbent

       Uninzi lokusilela ekuthinteleni amanzi lubangelwa kulwakhiwo olungekho mgangathweni, kwaye oku kulandelayo kuthintelwe imiqobo yokupakisha kufuneka kuphetshwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kothintelo lwezikhukhula:

       Ukuthintelwa kokupakishwa okuthe nkqo kunye nemithungo ethe tye: ukulungelelanisa izithuba phakathi kweeleya eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi kunye nokupakishwa ngokuthe nkqo kuya kwenza umjelo wokuphuma kwamanzi othe ngqo, okhokelela ekuvuzeni okukhawulezileyo kunye nozinzo olubi kakhulu eludongeni.

       • Yalela ukupakishwa okuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokwenza kusebenze: iingxowa ezomileyo zipakishwe ngokuthe ngqo, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda okungalinganiyo xa ibekwe emanzini, imizimba yengxowa ekhululekileyo, kunye nezikhewu ezinkulu ezingakwaziyo ukwenza umaleko ovaliweyo wokungangeni manzi.

       Ukuthintelwa kolwakhiwo oluphezulu ngaphandle kokuthambeka: Iindonga ezingaphezulu kwe-50cm ukuphakama kufuneka zipakishwe ngokuthe nkqo ngaphandle kwethambeka okanye iziseko ezibanzi, kwaye ziqheleke ukubhukuqa kunye nokuwa phantsi kwempembelelo yoxinzelelo lwamanzi.

       Ukwalelwa kwe-interlayer non compaction: Ukushiya inyathelo lokunyathela kunye nokudibanisa, kukho izikhewu ezininzi ze-interlayer kunye nokunamathela okungahambi kakuhle, kunye nokuqokelelana okuncinci kwamanzi kunokubangela ukuphuma kwamanzi kwizithuba.

       • Kwalela ukushiya iikona ezingenanto: ukushiya izikhewu ekudibaneni kweendonga, imigangatho, kunye neendonga yeyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo yokuchitha amanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekusileleni kweeprojekthi zokuthintela amanzi.

I-5, Ukomelezwa kunye neendlela zokuchasana nokuphucula i-seepage emva kokupakishwa

        Ukwandisa ngakumbi ukuzinza kunye nefuthe elichasene ne-anti-seepage ye-Water-Absorbent Expansion Bag yokugcina amanzi eludongeni, emva kokuba ukupakishwa okusemgangathweni kugqityiwe, kunokudibaniswa nenkqubo yokuqiniswa elula yokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokulungelelanisa kwiimeko zokuthintela izikhukhula zamandla aphezulu:

        1. Ukuxinwa ngokubanzi kunye nokulinganisa: Emva kokuba ukwakhiwa kugqityiwe, qhubela phambili kwaye uphakamise kwakhona ngokucokisekileyo, khangela zonke izikhewu ze-interlayer kunye nekona, kwaye uphinde udibanise kwaye ugcwalise nawaphi na amanqaku avulekileyo okanye axhonyiweyo.

        2. Unyango lokutywinwa kwekona: Sebenzisa i-sealant engangeni manzi, i-geotextile okanye iingxowa ezincinci zokwandisa ukuze ugcwalise kwaye uvale izithuba kwisiseko kunye namacala odonga ukukhusela amanzi angena kwiikona.

        3. Ukulungiswa okuncediswayo kunye nokomelezwa: Kwimimoya enamandla, ukuhamba kwamanzi anesiphithiphithi, kunye neemeko zokuthintela amanzi aphezulu kakhulu, iintambo, izibiyeli, kunye neebhloko zobunzima zingasetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ekulungiseni nasekuthinteleni ukufuduka kodonga kunye nokutyibilika.

        4. Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza okuvuzayo okuLayered: Gxininisa ekujongeni izikhundla ezinqamlezileyo zomaleko aphezulu naphantsi, kunye neendawo ezidibeneyo zesiseko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zithuba ezithe ngqo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okupheleleyo kokungena kwamanzi.

6, Ukucaciswa kokuLondolozwa kunye nokudilizwa emva koKwakha

        Emva kokupakisha kunye nokwenza i-Bag-Absorbent Expansion Bag, akukho mfuneko yokugcinwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Yiyeke imele i-5-10 imizuzu yokwandisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye idibanise isikhwama somzimba, esinokufikelela kwisiphumo esihle sokuthintela amanzi. Ngexesha leempuphuma, jonga rhoqo iindonga ukuba zixengaxenga, amanzi ayabhodloza, kunye nokufuduswa kwazo, kwaye uziqinise ngokukhawuleza kwaye uziqinise.

        Emva kokuba uthintelo lomkhukula luphelile, umzimba wengxowa unokomiswa ngokwendalo kwaye ucuthe. Ibhegi yoKwandiswa kwe-Water-Absorbent engonakaliyo ingacocwa kwaye igcinwe ukuze isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo. Izingxobo ezonakeleyo nezingasebenziyo kufuneka ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngokufanayo kwaye zilahlwe ngokweemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ukuphepha ukungcoliseka kwendalo.

Isishwankathelo

        Iinkcukacha ezingundoqo zokwakhiwa kunye nokupakishwa kwe-Water-Absorbent Expansion Bag inokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukupakisha ukupakisha, ukuxinzelela komgangatho, umphezulu omxinwa kunye nomzantsi obanzi, ukuthambeka okuphezulu, kunye nokutywinwa kwekona. Ukulandela ngokungqongqo inkqubo yokupakishwa emgangathweni kunye nokuyeka iindlela zokwakha ezingachanekanga ezifana nokupakisha ngokuthe tye, ngemithungo, kunye nokungaxinanisi isitshixo sokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi okuzinzileyo kwiingxowa zokwandisa ezifunxa amanzi. Nokuba lulwakhiwo lwemihla ngemihla lothintelo lwezikhukhula okanye imisebenzi yokutywinwa okungxamisekileyo, ukupakishwa okusemgangathweni kunokwandisa ukusebenza kothintelo lwezandyondyo lweengxowa zokwandiswa kwamanzi, ukusombulula ngempumelelo iingxaki zothintelo lwezandyondyo ezifana nokuqokelelana kwamanzi kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba, ukuphuphuma kwemilambo, kunye nokuvuza kwemibhobho.